Classical Pilates follows Joseph Pilates' original exercises, order and apparatus as passed down by his direct students; contemporary Pilates adapts the method using modern exercise science and rehabilitation research. A common visible difference is spinal position: classical teaching often works with a flatter, imprinted lower back, while many contemporary schools emphasise neutral spine. Both are legitimate; the right choice depends on your goals and teacher.
Written by the Elemental Movement Lab and reviewed by Samantha Giam, certified classical Pilates instructor. Updated 30 September 2026.
Classical vs contemporary at a glance
| Classical Pilates | Contemporary Pilates | |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Joseph Pilates' original repertoire, via his students (the “elders”) | Original method adapted with modern research |
| Exercise order | Set sequences, especially on the mat | More flexible programming |
| Spine | Often imprinted or flattened lower back | Often neutral spine emphasis |
| Apparatus | Built to original proportions and spring systems | Modern equipment with finer adjustment |
| Typical setting | Studios teaching the full system | Studios, gyms and rehabilitation settings |
What is classical Pilates?
Classical Pilates aims to preserve the method as Joseph Pilates taught it in his New York studio. It follows established exercise orders, emphasises rhythm and flow, and uses apparatus built close to his original designs. Teachers trace their lineage back to his direct students, such as Romana Kryzanowska and Ron Fletcher.
What is contemporary Pilates?
Contemporary approaches, such as STOTT PILATES, developed in Toronto in the late 1980s, keep Pilates' core principles but modify exercises using anatomy, biomechanics and rehabilitation research. Many emphasise neutral spinal alignment and offer more modifications for specific populations.
Neutral spine vs imprint
Neutral spine keeps the natural curves of the lower back. Imprint gently flattens the lower back toward the mat or carriage using the abdominals. Classical teaching uses imprint widely; contemporary schools often teach neutral as a default and imprint when needed for support. Many experienced teachers use both depending on the exercise.
Which is better?
Neither. Classical Pilates offers a complete, time-tested system with strong flow. Contemporary Pilates offers flexible programming and is common in clinical settings. The quality of the teacher matters more than the label. If you are managing an injury, see What Is Clinical Pilates?
What about group reformer classes?
Many popular group reformer classes are a further, fitness-led evolution: faster, often set to music, and drawing loosely on both traditions.
Elemental's view
Elemental was founded by a classically trained instructor, and the Elemental Movement Lab studies Joseph Pilates' original apparatus closely. Our equipment is designed to support both classical and contemporary repertoire. Read The Six Principles of Pilates and Joseph Pilates and the History of Pilates.
FAQs
Is STOTT Pilates classical or contemporary?
Contemporary. It is one of the best-known contemporary schools.
Is classical Pilates harder?
Not inherently. Its set sequences and pace can feel demanding, but difficulty depends on level and teacher.
Can I switch between classical and contemporary classes?
Yes. Many practitioners do, though cues for spine and breath may differ.
